Print edition: 
So what are your cholesterol numbers? If you're drawing a blank right now, it could mean that you're overdue for the routine blood test that helps give a heads-up on your risk for heart problems or a stroke.
Cholesterol is a fatty substance that helps our bodies function properly. The liver makes the cholesterol we need, but we can get more from what we eat.
Two types of cholesterol that are medically important are:
* Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or bad cholesterol. Excess amounts can build up in the walls of arteries, narrowing the passageways and reducing blood flow to the heart and brain. This is called atherosclerosis — or hardening of the arteries — and it increases your risk for heart disease, a heart attack or a stroke.
* High-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol. It helps clear excess cholesterol from blood vessels.
Keeping cholesterol levels in a healthy range helps reduce your risk for cardiovascular disease. But you won't know if your numbers need to be improved unless you have them checked.
A simple blood test called a lipoprotein profile reveals your total cholesterol count, as well as levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol and another type of fat called triglycerides.
This test is performed when you are fasting. Most adults should be tested at least every five years, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
The United States Preventative Services Task Force and American Academy of Family Physicians recommends a first time screening at age 35 for men and age 45 for women. This timing can be at an earlier age depending on whether you have a family history of high cholesterol (dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia).
Your doctor can explain what your numbers mean, along with what your cholesterol goals should be. Cholesterol goals depend on your medical conditions, age and family history. If you need to improve your numbers, talk to your doctor about what you can do.
Lifestyle changes such as these can help:
* Adopt a healthy diet low in saturated fats, trans fat and cholesterol and high in fiber, fruits and veggies.
* Get at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least five times per week.
* Lose weight if needed.
Some people also need medicines to help lower cholesterol. This is determined by your medical conditions and risk factors for heart disease. However, even if you take medications, lifestyle changes are important. It is possible for some people to no longer require medications with improvements in their diet and routine exercise.
Take the first step. Ask your doctor about having your cholesterol checked, and learn your numbers.
